Anthropometric Measurement of Cranium Using Computed Tomography Based on Sex In Adult Population In South Sulawesi

Modern cross-sectional imaging, like 3D CT, has revolutionized forensic medicine, allowing high-resolution views of anatomical structures and bone pathologies. Sex estimation depends on sexual dimorphism. This study aimed to describe cranial anthropometric measurements using head CT scans in adult men and women in South Sulawesi. This retrospective cross-sectional study, conducted from January to December 2023, included all individuals meeting the criteria, using total sampling. Cranial anthropometric measurements included maximum cranial length, maximum cranial breadth, maximum frontal breadth, minimum frontal breadth, biorbital breadth, bizygomatic breadth, bimastoid diameter, nasal height, cranial height, and cranial base length. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS, with p < 0.05 considered significant. Of 211 patients meeting criteria, 107 (50.7%) were female, with 77 (36.5%) aged 36-45 years. Logistic regression analysis of cranial measurements and head CT scans indicated significant sex relations for minimum frontal breadth, bizygomatic breadth, bimastoid diameter, nasal height, and cranial height (p = 0.014, 0.035, 0.011, 0.004, 0.042). Sex prediction based on the logistic regression formula showed a significant relationship (p < 0.001) with 85.6% sensitivity, 86% specificity, and 85.7% accuracy. In conclusion, males have larger cranial measurements than females across all variables. Significant differences were found in maximum cranial length, maximum cranial breadth, maximum frontal breadth, minimum frontal breadth, biorbital breadth, bizygomatic breadth, bimastoid diameter, cranial height, cranial base length, and nasal height. Bizygomatic breadth, bimastoid diameter, nasal height, and cranial height were most significant. Sex estimation showed 85.6% sensitivity, 86% specificity, and 85.7% accuracy.