Detection of Microorganisms from Environmental Surface Swabs in Operating Theatres and ICUs at RSPTN UNHAS Makassar Using MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) represent a significant risk to global health, as highlighted by the World Health Organization (WHO), which notes that a substantial proportion of hospitalized patients are susceptible to these conditions. The financial implications of HAIs are also considerable, leading to prolonged hospital stays and increased healthcare costs. This study aims to assess microbial contamination on surfaces in operating theatres and intensive care units (ICUs) through systematic surface swabbing and subsequent microbiological analysis. A descriptive investigation was conducted at RSPTN UNHAS Makassar. Surface swabs were collected from various locations within operating theatres and ICUs. Samples were analysed using standard culture methods, followed by identification with MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The analysis revealed that 56% of the initial surface swabs demonstrated bacterial growth, while 76% of swabs from subsequent sampling showed similar results. Additionally, 60% of the swabs in the second sampling indicated fungal development. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus was identified as the predominant bacterial species. Four locations exhibited colony-forming unit (CFU) counts exceeding the standard threshold of approximately 5 CFU/cm2: the bed in ICU1 (9 CFU/cm2), the wall in ICU2 (16 CFU/cm2), the floor in OT2 (9 CFU/cm2), and the bed in OT3 (47 CFU/cm2). These findings emphasize the urgent need for enhanced infection control measures in hospital environments, particularly in high-risk areas. Consistent monitoring and adopting advanced microbial identification techniques are essential for effective infection prevention strategies.