Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes of Spinal Anesthesia during an Emergency Cesarean Section in Comparison of General Anesthesia

The current retrospective study compared the maternal and foetal conclusions according to fatalities and morbidity of women and newborn health, Apgar scores at 1st and 5th min, and umbilical blood gas values between both anaesthesia groups. The research examined the clinical records of pregnant women who underwent caesarean delivery under GA or SA. This research analyzed C-section deliveries performed by pregnant women in Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Bahrain between January 1, 2023 and December 31, 2023. Anesthesiologists used identical anesthetic drugs to produce anesthesia, and the pregnant women were given an explanation of both GA and SA methods. Propofol were used to induce GA, and rapid sequential intubation was performed. Patients were given atropine and neostigmine to offset neuromuscular paralysis. Spinal anesthesia was performed using a 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine intrathecal injection. The study used SPSS version 26 for data analysis, with the independent sample t-test and chi-square test for categorical variables. A study found that 43.5% of pregnant women underwent GA underwent a C-section, with recurrence being the most common. In contrast, 20.8% of pregnant women with SA experienced fetal distress, and 44.2% had a C-section with another cesarean indication. There was no significant difference in variables contributing to multiple conceptions, repeated cesarean deliveries, or preeclampsia between GA and SA individuals. It is concluded that spinal anaesthesia reduced the need for neonatal intensive care and decreased umbilical cord blood gas values, while Apgar ratings indicating neonatal prognosis improved in neonates of pregnant women who had caesarean sections. Nonetheless, it seems that both anaesthesia techniques can be utilized safely for mother and newborn during caesarean anaesthesia, taking into account maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality.