Salivary Prostaglandin E2 Levels and HbA1c Levels in Periodontal Inflammation: A Comparative Analysis of Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients

The current investigation is predicated on the idea that all salivary PgE2 transcription is connected with HbA1c levels and that people with type-2 diabetes with periodontal inflammation have greater complete salivary PgE2 levels than non-diabetic individuals. The current investigation analyzed the salivary prostaglandin E2 and HbA1c levels in periodontal inflammation between individuals with and without diabetes. From the month of December 2023 to the month of May 2024, the investigation was carried out at the Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital/Lahore Medical and Dental College in Lahore, Pakistan. The methodology of the current study was cross-sectional comparative. The study participants were split into two categories: Group 1 consisted of 42 individuals with type 2 diabetes who also had periodontal inflammation, and the second group consisted of 42 patients without diabetes who also had periodontal inflammation. Measurements were made of clinical attachment loss (CAL), marginal bone loss (MBL), probing depth (PD), and plaque or gingival indices (PI and GI). PgE2 levels were assessed in entire samples of saliva that had not been provoked. P < 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant in comparisons between groups. Seventy-five percent of the participants in the investigation were men, and sixty-eight percent were women. In addition to having a greater plaque index, gingival index, and probing depth rating, individuals in Group 1 also had a greater family record of diabetes. MBL and total salivary PgE2 levels were not significantly different across the two categories. Probing depth and entire salivary PgE2 levels were shown to be significantly correlated with HbA1c levels. It has been determined that, in comparison to people without diabetes, hyperglycemia in type-2 diabetes patients is linked to higher expression of entire salivary PgE2 levels and worsening periodontal inflammation.