THE PROGRESSION OF TYPE-II DIABETES MELLITUS WITH CONCURRENT HYPERTENSION INFLUENCED BY OXIDATIVE STRESS

The inactivation of nitric oxide caused by oxidative stress raises the possibility of HT by promoting disruption of endothelial cells. Discussing the development of type-II diabetes mellitus with concurrent hypertension impacted by oxidative stress was the primary goal of this study. The 384 participants were split into four distinct groups based on their illness status: 108 controls (those without T2DM or HT), 48 prediabetes (those without HT), 22 T2DM, and 68 T2DM+ HT (those with coexisting T2DM and HT). We used GSH/GSSG and 8-OHdG as oxidative stress indicators. Because they demonstrate the effectiveness of the antioxidant defense system, GSH, 8-OHdG, and GSSG were chosen. The statistical software SPSS 25 was used for all tests. Sample size estimates were not carried out before statistical assessments because this investigation was conducted using information that had already been gathered. Since it was established that perpetual variables did not follow a normal pattern of distribution, they were represented by the median. To find significant differences between the four groups, Kruskal-Wallis tests were employed. The threshold for significance was p<0.05. Compared to the control and prediabetes groups, the HbA1c levels were considerably higher in the T2DM and T2DM-HT groups. The T2DM-HT group's levels for inflammatory biomarkers eventually returned to being equivalent to controls. Regarding OS, GSH first rose from controls to T2DM (p<0.001), nearly reaching the threshold for statistical significance, and then significantly decreased when juxtaposed with concurrent T2DM-HT (p<0.001). From controls to T2DM, GSSG showed a similar pattern of increase (p<0.01), followed by a significant decline in T2DM-HT (p<0.001). The study's conclusions suggest that an increased understanding of OS markers is more reliable for distinguishing between the stages of T2DM progression with and without HT. Our results also confirm the usefulness of prescription pharmaceuticals, especially when considering the known functions of OS in the onset of the illness.